The easiest way to make a singular noun plural is to add “s.”
Singular Plural
dog dogs
lake lakes
Exception #1: Add “es” to a noun ending in “s,” “x,” “z,” “ch,” or “sh.”
Singular Plural
kiss kisses
mix mixes
quiz quizzes
church churches
bush bushes
Exception #2: Add “ies” to a noun ending in a consonant plus “y.”
Singular Plural
city cities
story stories
Exception #3: Some plural nouns are irregular, and you have to memorize them. Here are some examples:
Singular Plural
foot feet
life lives
Exception #4: Some nouns sound plural, but they are actually singular.
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
The local news is covering the story tonight.
The team is meeting for pizza after the game.
Exception #5: Some plural nouns seem like singular items, but they actually take a plural verb.
My jeans are frayed and dirty.
My glasses are foggy.